如果清楚瀏覽紀錄和同步系統時間也沒有用，那就有可能是系統安裝的憑證作怪

沒有將解決過程截圖，但是大概講一下解決思路

首先就是用 Chrome or Edge ，排除掉 Plugin 的問題，如果不知道也沒關係，先關掉自己知道的 Plugin 就好，像是 ublock

然後開 F12 進 debug 模式，選 Network 標籤（以下非出事機器，僅為示意圖）

然後按 Reload (or Ctrl+R) 重讀頁面，記得是在 Status 的地方會顯示原因，我碰到的是 net::ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR

如果運氣好直接在頁面無法顯示，並且出現 ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR 在首頁，那應該也適用

解法就是移除掉系統內不明的認證

打開 Edge ，選右上角三個點 […]出現選單，選[設定]，在設定內搜尋 SSL ，找到之後，在管理憑證，打開 IP-HTTPS/SSL 憑證和設定那個選項，刪除所有奇怪的憑證

這個步驟有可能會刪除系統內重要憑證，像是券商或是金融憑證，使用時請小心，刪除前請備份，以下是示意圖，非出事機器的憑證

我是刪完就正常了

The post Ｗindows 11 瀏覽器圖片無法顯示/ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR appeared first on richliu's blog.

Chinese article version: 在 ARM64 QEMU System 上安裝 ARM64 Windows 11

Nowadays, ARM64 systems have become relatively mature, and recently, Windows 11 for ARM64 can also be installed on these systems. Naturally, there are people who want to run it on QEMU. However, most articles on this topic are not well-organized.

Here, let’s document the things what I discoverd and need to be prepared.

Preparations Hardware and Software

1) System: Ampere Altra CPU
Small ARM64 dev boards like RPI4 or RPI5 should also work, but installing on them might not be necessary, because it only has limitation CPU power and Memory. A more cost-effective solution is to use Apple Mx series CPUs [ref], as they are also ARM64, and many people purchase them for installing Linux.

2) ARM64 ISO Image
While there are numerous options available on internet, for a relatively legal acquisition of the ISO image, it is recommended to use Windows-11-On-Ampere
This step can be a bit complex, but the key is to use UUP Dump to fetch the Windows ISO and then use Rufus to burn it onto a USB Flash drive. During the burning process, Rufus can override some of the restrictions of Windows 11, such as TPM Support, which may not be fully supported on ARM64 CPUs.

3) Windows Virtio Driver

Download the Windows Virtio driver and place it into the USB Disk that was created in the previous step.

Here has download URL can download the Windows virtio driver : Proxmox Windows VirtIO Drivers, alternative download website:  download the latest stable or  download the most recent.
After downloading, extract the ISO contents and place them onto the USB Disk.

4) Convert USB Dump to Image
Linux users are likely familiar with this step.

dd if=/dev/sda of=/storage/Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img

Why go through these steps? The primary reason is that within QEMU, it seems Windows cannot simultaneously configure two ISO devices. I encountered a freeze when attempting to install using the straightforward method. Hence, I went through this elaborate process to make it install smoothly.

5) virt-manager
Most examples available to others involve pure QEMU commands. However, this time, I wanted to avoid typing a bunch of commands and preferred a more user-friendly approach. Therefore, the examples provided here utilize virt-manager. Nonetheless, I believe the underlying logic is the same.

New Virtual Machine on QEMU

Virt Type: KVM
Architecutre: aarch64
Machine Type: virt

Next step, choice the ISO image we just created Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img, Choose “the operaion system you are installing: Microsoft Windows 11”

For the CPU and memory, I used 16 cores and 16GB, which should be sufficient. A smaller combination might work, but I haven’t tested it because I’m too lazy to do so.

It’s recommended to set up the Disk Image manually, virt-manager tends to allocate the entire specified disk space right from the start, which may not be space-efficient. Windows 11, with its minimum space requirement of 52GB, can be allocated around 60GB or more based on your needs. Here is example command to pre-create qemu image.

qemu-img create -f qcow2 MyImage.qcow2 60G

Before executing, choose “Customize configuration before install.” There are certain adjustments to make. Remember to enable the XML editing feature within virt-manager beforehand. Go to the main program, select Edit -> Preferences -> Enable XML editing, and ensure it is checked.

In the XML section related to CPUs, locate the segment pertaining to ‘hyperv,’ and modify it with the following settings:

    <hyperv mode="custom">
      <relaxed state="off"/>
      <vapic state="off"/>
      <spinlocks state="off"/>
    </hyperv>

In the CPU section, change the quantity from ‘sockets’ to ‘cores.’ Below is an example for 16 cores:

Add those hardware setting into current configuration:
Input -> USB Keyboard
Input -> EvTouch USB Graphics Tablet
Graphics -> Spice server
Video -> Ramfb

For the Video option, it is essential to choose Ramfb; otherwise, the graphics might not display properly. QXL or Virtio should not be used. Virtio-gpu-pci hasn’t been tested, but some suggest it might work[ref].

Lastly, in Storage, add a USB CDROM device and set it up with the Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img file you created earlier.

In the Boot Options section, enable the option for USB CDROM 1, and then you should be ready to boot.

If the configuration is correct, you should be able to boot to this screen successfully.

If following the above steps results in a hang during the installation process, you can try adjusting the boot options by changing the boot order. Try setting “disk” first and “USB CD ROM” second.

Install Windows

Under normal circumstances, Windows might not detect the disk. In such cases, select “Load driver” -> “25982_1000_ARM64_EN-US(C:)” -> “Virtio-driver” -> “viostor” -> “win11” -> “ARM64” (Note: The labels and directories here may vary based on different configurations).

In the final step, for the NIC driver, when prompted to connect to the network upon the initial entry into Windows 11, select “Install driver” -> “25982_1000_ARM64_EN-US(D:)” -> “Virtio-driver” -> “NetKVM” -> “win11” -> “ARM64”.

With this, you should have successfully completed the installation of Windows 11.

Happy Playing Windows 11 on ARM64 Qemu

ref.
virtio-win / virtio-win-pkg-scripts

The post Install ARM64 Windows 11 on ARM64 QEMU System appeared first on richliu's blog.

English please see : Install ARM64 Windows 11 on ARM64 QEMU System

現在 ARM64 的系統相對成熟了，最近 Windows 11 for ARM64 也可以在系統上安裝，自然也會有人想弄到 QEMU 上去，不過看來看去，大部份都沒有整理完畢的文章

這邊記錄一下需要準備的東西

準備

1) 系統：Ampere Altra CPU
RPI4 or RPI5 這種開發板應該也可以，因為這些板子只有有限的 CPU Power 和記憶體，就沒有安裝 qemu 的必要性，便宜一點的解決方案就是 Apple Mx 系列的 CPU [ref]，因為也是 ARM64 ，而且很多人也是買來安裝 Linux

2) ARM64 ISO Image
網路上應該很多，不過如果要相對合法取得 ISO image ，推薦 Windows-11-On-Ampere
這步驟有點複雜，不過重點是用 UUP Dump 抓回 Windows ISO ，然後用 Rufus 燒到 USB Flash ，在燒錄的時候 Rufus 可以解除一些 Windows 11 的限制，像是 TPM Support 等等這些在 ARM64 CPU 還不完全支援的設定

3) Windows Virtio Driver

下載 Windows virtio driver，然後放進去剛剛那一步做到的 USB Disk

Proxmox Windows VirtIO Drivers 這邊有下載點， download the latest stable or  download the most recent ，都可以下載到 VirtIO ISO，下載完將 ISO 解開放到 USB Disk

4) 將 USB Dump 成 Image
Linux user 應該很熟這個步驟

dd if=/dev/sda of=/storage/Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img

為什麼要這樣做？最大的原因就是 QEMU 內 Windows 現在似乎沒辦法同時設定二個 ISO 設備，我之前這樣裝會卡住。所以就繞了一大串讓它可以裝，還可以吧

5) virt-manager
其他人能找到的範例都是 qemu command ，不過我這次實在是不想打一堆指令，只想點點點，所以這次的範例都是用 virt-manager ，不過我相信背後的思路都是一樣的

New Virtual Machine

Virt Type: KVM
Architecutre: aarch64
Machine Type: virt

下一步，ISO image 選剛剛做好的 Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img，Choose the operaion system you are installing: 選 Microsoft Windows 11

CPU 和記憶體我用 16 cores 和 16GB，小一點應該也可以，不過我懶得試了

如果空間不夠，Disk Image 建議自己設定，virt-manager 設定會一開始就 allocate 設定的 disk space ，不省空間，Windows 11 最小需求空間是 52G ，可以設 60G 或是更大，看需求
這邊是範例命令，可以預先建好硬碟空間

qemu-img create -f qcow2 MyImage.qcow2 60G

在執行之前選擇 Customize configuration before install，有些東西要修改，記得要先開啟 virt-manager 內的 XML 修改功能，在主程式下的 Edit -> Perferences -> Enable XML editing ，請勾選

在 CPUs 的 XML 這一段，找到 hyperv 這一段，改成如下的設定

    <hyperv mode="custom">
      <relaxed state="off"/>
      <vapic state="off"/>
      <spinlocks state="off"/>
    </hyperv>

在 CPU 數量，要從 sockets 改成 Cores，以下就是 16 Cores 的範例

Add hardware ，加入以下設定
Input -> USB Keyboard
Input -> EvTouch USB Graphics Tablet
Graphics -> Spice server
Video -> Ramfb

Video 選項一定要用 Ramfb ，否則 Graphics 會出不來，qxl or virtio 都不能用，virtio-gpu-pci 沒試過，有人說可以用[ref]
最後是 Storage 增加 USB CDROM device，並且將剛剛的 Win11_ARM64_INSTALL.img 設定上去

在 Boot Options 這邊 enable USB CDROM 1的選項，然後就可以開機了

如果設定正確，那就可以正常開機到這個畫面

如果照著以上步驟卻在安裝過程卡住了，可以試著調整 boot option 切換一下開機的順序
先 disk 後 USB CD ROM .

Install Windows

正常狀況下，Windows 是找不到 disk 的，要選 load driver -> 25982_1000_ARM64_EN-US(C:) -> Virtio-driver -> viostor -> win11 -> ARM64 (註：這部份的標籤和目錄可能因不同的設定而異）

最後一段，NIC driver ，在初次進入 Windows 11 時，要求要連線到網路時，選 Install driver -> 25982_1000_ARM64_EN-US(D:) -> Virtio-driver -> NetKVM-> win11 -> ARM64

這樣就可以完成安裝 Windows 11 了

Happy Playing Windows 11 on ARM64 Qemu

ref.
virtio-win / virtio-win-pkg-scripts

The post 在 ARM64 QEMU System 上安裝 ARM64 Windows 11 appeared first on richliu's blog.